What coordinate system is ideal for storing a global scale dataset with latitude and longitude?

The ideal coordinate system for storing a global scale dataset with latitude and longitude is a geographic coordinate system. Geographic coordinate systems use a three-dimensional spherical surface to define locations on the Earth using coordinates expressed in degrees of latitude and longitude. This system allows for a natural representation of the Earth's surface, accommodating the curvature of the Earth, which is essential for global datasets.

Projected coordinate systems, while useful for mapping local areas and providing accurate representations on two-dimensional planes, are not designed for global datasets as they can distort spatial relationships and areas when applied over large extents. Geocentric systems are focused on positioning objects from the center of the Earth and are not widely utilized for mapping purposes in the context of latitude and longitude. While the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a commonly used projected coordinate system, it is best suited for mapping smaller areas rather than global datasets, as it divides the world into sections and can introduce distortions across its zones. Therefore, the geographic coordinate system is the most suitable choice for representing global datasets.